Performance and Director

A chief is responsible for all parts of the creation, a director’s work is to tie up all presentation component together. The executive must have vision of in what manner should the character moves, the lighting that help upgrade the disposition of the play, the sets and props. As an Actor we frequently discover issue, for example, don’t realize how to represent our hand, where to stand and what direction to walk. We are â€Å"floating† in the stage, since we don't know what our job is. At that point it is the director’s job to guide and instructed the on-screen character so they won't be â€Å"floating† any longer. First the chief need to peruse and comprehend the content, realize what is the importance of the play, see each character in the play with the goal that the person in question can settle on decision or choice during practice. The subsequent stage is to begin practice. Chief need to situate entertainers in front of an audience. Normally the chief will choose where is the 5 acting region, yet it very well may be more. For instance for sensible play, the 5 acting region can be couch, kitchen, feasting table, bed, adjacent to window, and so forth. A chief will begin to attract the set a groundplan. At the point when a play is coordinated by a decent chief, the crowd won’t get occupied by some other person or thing on the play. A decent executive can give focal point of the play, where the crowd should see and spotlight on. On the off chance that the crowd get diverted or befuddle during the play, it’s the director’s shortcoming. A play is representative, it’s counterfeit. All the components of the play on the stage is emblematic. The on-screen character speak to someone else on the stage. The set and probs is emblematic as well, since it speak to the seat in the play storyline. At that point why individuals go to see a play? Since we can relate the play to us in reality. View pointing is utilizing diverse structure from customary As an entertainer truly awkward,dunno wat to do with hand. View pointing help or not? at is d expectation, wat d executive need us to do. Ans: viewpointing tu diff approach. View pointing tu, dr awal acara gk promotion plot,cuma advertisement development. Executive Don’t make development that isn't significant how to tackle issue tgn yg gk tau taru dimn . Kenapa tgn kita tak tau mau ngap. karna kt gk yakin apa yg harus kt lakukan, gk yakin ttg job mrk. Role,space, body. Viewpointing is utilizing not quite the same as from conventional Collaborative-haresh sharma messy†¦ Base of my insight from blabla 5acting territories. Give the center, if crowd diverted with another person, don’t put that intentionally. Director’s flaw. A PLAY IS fake.

Treatment for Depression a Critical Evaluation of the Effects of Social Support on Depression free essay sample

Social help can be characterized as: â€Å"information driving the subject to accept that he is thought about and cherished, regarded, and an individual from a system of common obligations† (Cobb, 1976, p. 1). It is valuable to take note of that there are numerous assorted sorts of social help that can be both advantageous as well as negative to the recuperation from melancholy (Arditte amp; Joorman, 2011; Blais amp; Renshaw, 2012; Dolokin, Panzarella, Fernandez, Alloy, amp; Cascardi, 2004; Grav, Hellzen, amp; Romild, 2011; Marroquin, 2011). This paper will cover the subjects of the advantages of social help on sadness, and how one approaches chasing and accepting ocial support. It will likewise examine the job of sex in social help, lastly it will discuss some various sorts of social help that can be utilized. There is overpowering measures of research that prove the way that social help assists with improving melancholy. Having a reasonable help structure essentially lessens burdensome scenes, and diminishes the opportunity of having despondency re-happen (Lin, Ye amp; Ensel, 1999). We will compose a custom article test on Treatment for Depression: a Critical Evaluation of the Effects of Social Support on Depression or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Lin, Ye and Ensel examined certain means an individual can take to help increase satisfactory social help, for example, joining a network task, or aiding in humanitarian effort. Taking an interest in occasions that include being around others upgrades a sentiment of belongingness. Which they express in their examination can encourage the making of restricting associations with others, in this manner assisting with making a down to earth social encouraging group of people. Their examination likewise found a connection between's kin who had personal connections with others, and a diminishing in burdensome states of mind. They additionally note the connection between the measure of contact, or bolster a discouraged individual gets every week has a sensational impact in lessening their side effects. It is fascinating to take note of that people who have a more noteworthy impression of social help feel less burdensome side effects after some time, though individuals thinking they are missing satisfactory social help express an expansion in burdensome indications (Lin, Ye amp; Ensel, 1999; Cohen amp; Wills, 1985; Gladstone, Parker, Malhi amp; Wilhelm, 2007). The requirement for social help shifts altogether across sexes (Cheng, 1999). For example, Cheng noticed that men report to having a lower requirement for help than lady. Her examination found that guys answered to being progressively confident and autonomous, and along these lines needing to take care of the issues they are confronting alone. This might clarify the explanation that they need less social help than lady. Her examination found that individuals with increasingly ladylike attributes report a reduction in burdensome states of mind when they get progressively social help. Notwithstanding taking a gander at the amount in which guys and females wish to get social help, it is valuable to comprehend the two kinds of social help that is relevant to sexual orientation. Right off the bat, passionate help, which can comprise of embracing, pats on the back, tuning in, and relating, (Hellzen amp; Romild, 2011). The second type of social help that Grav, Hellzen and Romild examined was unmistakable help, which can include: helping the discouraged individual with their physical obligations, cooking a supper, purchasing food supplies, conceptualizing and help with critical thinking. Lady who experience the ill effects of sorrow detailed requiring progressively enthusiastic help to help conquer their downturn, though men relate to requiring increasingly substantial help (Grav, Hellzen amp; Romild, 2011). Another particular sort of social help which has been concentrated as of late is Adaptive Inferential Feedback (AIF) as found in an examination led by Dobkin, Panzarella, Fernandez, Alloy and Cascardi (2004). This data was additionally bolstered by Panzarella, Alloy and Whitehouse (2006). The two investigations clarify that versatile inferential input includes giving constructive criticism to a discouraged individual with respect to their unpleasant life occasion to assist them with maintaining a strategic distance from burdensome reasoning. Panzarella et al. (2004) states that helping the individual bend their speculation a positive way helps cradle the effects of the downturn. To lay it out plainly, the supporter is giving constructive applause for things the individual progressed admirably, while not concentrating on any negative viewpoints. It could be contended that this technique utilizes an inclination to trivialize issues and that by just concentrating on the positives, the a ntagonistic parts of the people life won't be suitably managed prompting more prominent issues further not far off. Consequently it might be ideal to utilize this kind of help pair with the technique sketched out beneath. The utilization of another particular kind of social help that can be utilized when an individual with wretchedness doesn't have a sufficient encouraging group of people available to them is Emotion Regulation  (Arditte amp; Joorman, 2011). Arditte and Joorman examined the effect of feeling guideline systems on gloom. In their exploration, they concentrated their investigation on various subtypes of feeling guideline which could be valuable to enhancing wretchedness. Their examination found that subjective reappraisal and ruminative reflection could be utilized as supportive apparatus while doing combating sorrow. They clarify that intellectual reappraisal is an instrument whereby an individual would re-decipher an unpleasant life occasion in a manner that mellow its mental effect from a negative path to an increasingly positive way. For instance, if an individual experiencing sorrow is educated that their accomplice needs to leave the relationship, they could utilize intellectual reappraisal and consider the circumstance in a progressively positive manner, â€Å"I will see somebody who is going as better for me in any case. †Ã¢ Arditte amp; Joorman (2011) proceed to clarify that reflection can be utilized as a positive or negative feeling guideline trategy. They found that when an individual reflects inwards at one’s self, concentrating on positive angles, that would be viewed as ruminative reflection, which is a key procedure in lessening sorrow. In any case, if the discouraged individual is concentrating on the negative viewpoints, that is viewed as ruminative agonizing; this sort of feeling guideline will be unfavorable to recuperation from despondency. With this information gathered, we have a greater amount of a comprehension about how social help assists with improving sadness and can infer that social help is a useful apparatus in overcoming sorrow. Explicit deciding variables, with respect to sorts of help, who, and when backing is gotten can be seen as instrumental in representing it’s impacts (Grav, Hellzen amp; Romild, 2011). While melancholy is no uncertainty a perplexing marvels, and it very well may be contended that social help alone won't have the option to agree the issue, however when utilized related to other treatment techniques, it is positively a priceless instrument. References: Arditte, K. A. , Joorman, J. (2011). Feeling guideline in wretchedness: Re? ection predicts recuperation from a significant burdensome scene. Intellectual Therapy and Research, 35, 356-543. Blais, R. K. , Renshaw, K. D. (2012). The relationship of natural and mental attributions for sadness with social help looking for aims in people with burdensome indications. Conduct and Cognitive Therapies, 40, 605-617. Cheng, C. (1999). Sex job contrasts in vulnerability to the impact of help accessibility on sadness. Diary of Personality, 67(3), 439-467. Cobb, S. (1976). Social help as a mediator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(4), 300-314. Cohen, S. Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social help, and the buffering speculation. Mental Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357. Dobkin, R. D. , Panzarella, C. , Fernandez, J. , Alloy, L. B. , amp; Cascardi, M. (2004). Versatile inferential input, depressonogenic deductions, and discouraged state of mind: A labratory investigation of the extended sadness hypothesis of wretchedness. Psychological Therapy and Research, 28(4), 487-509. Gladstone, G. L. , Parker, G. B. , Malhi, G. S. , Wilhelm, K. A. (2 007). Feeling unsupported? An examination of discouraged patients discernments. Diary of Affective Disorders, 103, 147-157. Grav, S. , Hellzen, O. , Romild, U. (2011). Relationship between social help and misery in everybody: the HUNT study, a cross-sectional examination. Diary of Clinical Nursing, 21, 111-120. Lin, N. , Ye, X. , amp; Ensel, W. M. (1999). Social help and discouraged mind-set: An auxiliary investigation. Jounal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(4), 344-359. Marroquin, B. (2011). Relational feeling guideline as a component for social help in despondency. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1276-1290. Panzarella, C. , Alloy, L. B. , Whitehouse, W. G. (2006). Extended misery hypothesis of gloom: On the components by which social help ensures against despondency. Psychological Therapy and Research, 30, 307-333. Odd, J. P. , Boccia, A. S. , Shapero, B. G. , Molz, A. R. , Flynn, M. , Matt, L. M. , Alloy, L. B. (2013). Feeling guideline qualities and intellectual vulnerabilities cooperate to foresee burdensome indications in people in danger for bipolar confusion: A forthcoming conduct high-hazard study. Insight and Emotion, 27(1), 63-84.

Kants Notion Of Duty And The Role Of Feelings In Moral Conduct Essay

Kant's Notion Of Duty And The Role Of Feelings In Moral Conduct Essay Kant's Notion Of Duty And The Role Of Feelings In Moral Conduct â€" Essay Example > ‘In his paper “The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn”, Jonathan Bennett seems to suggest that acting on sentiment or fellow feeling is generally superior to acting from principles of duty’IntroductionThe primary goal of this essay is to establish the researcher’s position on the above issue. The essay includes a critical analysis of whether actions based on emotions and feelings surpass those sanctioned by moral obligation. The case study of this research is Bennett’s discourse, The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn. The research includes as well a review of Kant’s deontology â€" duty ethics with specific focus on how it relates to two of the characters in the case study. Emotions and choice of actionJonathan Bennett's notion as illustrated in ‘The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn’ is in the estimation of the mind of a prudent person incorrect to say the least. Emotion and sentiments do not constitute a viable ground to base human action on. There is a reasonable ground to believe that decisions triggered by human sentiments and feelings are likely to be subjective. This subjectivity in choice of action is a dangerous phenomenon as there are certain life-changing decisions that are too technical to be made at the peril of petty human emotions. Conscience There is that internal voice that guides rational beings in distinguishing right from wrong. It compels human beings to choose a particular course of action given particular circumstances. This internal aspect of human being that dictates our choices is loud, equivocal and more often than not quite hard to ignore â€" it is referred to as a conscience. All rational beings possess a conscience, which enables them to reason before making any rushed decisions triggered by their present state of emotion. This particular aspect of rational beings: their ability to reason is what distinguishes them from other irrational beings like animals. Given certain circumstances, a rational person ought to act in a way that any other equally diligent and rational being would have acted if they were in that same situation. Human beings are often under enormous stress or other negative emotions. While under such emotions, our actions and choices of action towards others, in any given circumstances, are likely to be biased by our feelings. As opposed to Bennett’s view of acting upon sentiments, one ought to behave in a way that would be universally acceptable. Our action in all circumstances should take a course that we would want to see becoming a universal law. This is the underlying philosophy in Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative. The categorical imperativeThe categorical imperative (CI) forms the basic principle of moral reasoning as espoused in Kant’s deontology. The nature of the categorical imperative qualifies it as a categorical syllogism â€" that which includes a conclusion inferred from premises by way of deductive reasoning. One of the premises which is also the first m axim of CI is. ..a course of action undertaken by an individual is morally upright only if they perceived it, without exceptions, as the course that a reasonable person would undertake in similar situations. The subsequent premise and maxim is that one only acts morally only if ‘they regard others as ends and not means to an end’. Hence, a moral act is that which is deductible from these premises.

HUM 112 ASSIGNMENT Project Paper 2 - 1151 Words

Project Paper: Office Art Memo Professor Charles Hunsucker HUM 112 August 18, 2014 As an employee and a student taking a humanities class, I have been asked by my boss to select six various art pieces for the new corporate offices for our real estate firm. When my boss first gave me the task of managing the art budget and selecting the pieces I was quite nervous. She then reassured me by stating that she knew I was the person for the task, as I have asked her to read over and review several of my class assignment papers and she did with good feedback. With her reassurance, I also reviewed many of the aspects we covered in my humanities class and began my search for the perfect selections to compliment our beautiful new†¦show more content†¦The notion coincides with the aspect of my CEO’s decision to open a new corporate real estate firm, deciding it was the best time /season to do so. The colors in the painting is also matches the dà ©cor near the wall by the receptionists area, the orange and blue colors complement each other. The next piece is th at of artist Henri Rousseau, born on May 21, 1844, in Laval, France. Rousseau’s painting â€Å"Suburban Scene† is termed a landscape painting. This painting was chosen particularly because the subject of a housing community and the artwork represents our world of real estate. The painting depicts a peaceful neighborhood, showing a lake and people fishing, as a real estate company we are matching individuals to communities as portrayed in the portrait. The third painting from the Impressionist era is that of artist Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775–1851). Turner’s â€Å"The Lake of Zug†, 1843 is a beautiful portrait painted in watercolor over graphite that were sketched based from Turner’s trip to the Swiss Alps. The color contrast is beautiful, the sight of the sun setting behind the mountains signifying the end of one day and the encouragement of another. The sun shines on the lake, with basking glows that illuminate the people and the surrounding mountings. This portrait fits the company image, because it shows that there is a beacon of light that still shines and brighten things around them. TheShow MoreRelatedHum 112 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Project Paper1717 Words   |  7 PagesHUM 112 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 – PROJECT PAPER To purchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hum-112-week-8-assignment-2-project-paper/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HUM 112 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - PROJECT PAPER The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities toRead MoreHumanities 112 Assignment1110 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 2: Project Paper Due Week 8 and worth 200 points The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities to be the creative, innovative, and critical thinker you already are! Choose one (1) of the topics from the list of topic choices below. Read the topic carefully. Write a three to fourRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Poets Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 2: Project Paper: Harlem Renaissance Poets Karron Scott Prof. Josiah Harry HUM 112: World Cultures II 11/27/2012 The Harlem Renaissance was a wonderful allotment of advancement for the black poets and writers of the 1920s and early ‘30s. I see the Harlem Renaissance as a time where people gather together and express their work throughout the world for everyone to see the brilliance and talent the black descendants harness. The two authors I picked were W.E.B Du Bois and LangstonRead MoreHUM 112 Assigment 2 Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 2: Project Paper Edwin D Giraldo Professor: Ibrahim H Alsaeed, Ph.D. HUM 112 11/29/14 Abstract In this paper, I choose to discuss three pieces of art from the 19th century Impressionist period and three from the Post-Impressionist period and how these six pieces of art compare to each style. Then I will draft a memo to the CEO of my company to describe the appearance, so that they will have an idea of what the art looks like and where it should be placed throughout the corporateRead MoreVideo Notes29279 Words   |  118 Pages | |Operations as a Competitive Weapon at Starwood |1 |21 | |Project Management at the Phoenician |2 |24 | |Nantucket Nectars: ERP |2, 15 |27 | |Pearson Education: Information Technology |3, 4, 10 Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAcquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Marketing Assistant: Ian Gold Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Senior Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover VisualRead MoreThe Essentials of Project Management65719 Words   |  263 PagesNature release THE ESSENTIALS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SECOND EDITION The Essentials of Project Management Second Edition Dennis Lock Gower O Dennis Lock 2001 A l rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, l stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. First published 1996 This edition published by Gower Publishing Limited Gower

Chronic Diseases Such As Type 2 Diabetes Are Increasingly

Chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes are increasingly becoming more common in New Zealand. The NZ health system consists of health professionals interacting together in order to improve the health outcomes for diabetics. This essay will examine the roles of both general practitioners and primary care nurses. This includes the services provided for Type 2 Diabetes and the organisations in the NZ health system that these professionals work for. The last part will examine how the differing perspectives of each profession, creates challenges for the way Type 2 Diabetes service is delivered by the NZ health system. Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease in history and both general practitioners (GPs) and primary care (PC) nurses†¦show more content†¦As compared to other physicians, GPs deliver services directly to the public (3). Therefore, they are well connected with their diabetic patients and their family. Since Type 2 Diabetes is incurable, GPs provide â€Å"cure† in terms of medicine (3). However, a GPs role typically involves them checking on the patient intermittently in offices, operating rooms or clinic rounds in order to administer cure, as compared to PC nurses who provide care for a duration (3). Alternatively, a PC nurse within the NZ community has many roles regarding the provision of Type 2 Diabetes, often overlapping those of a GP. A PC nurse emphasizes on the continuity of care and works in a primary health care setting (17). In NZ, registered PC nurses care for and support patients in a range of settings, including clinics, residential care facilities or the patient’s home (3). Nurses are by far the largest health workforce group, so play an essential role in diabetes care and education, such as health promotion (6). Nurses in NZ run the wards in hospitals and tend to be regularly in contact with the patients (3). In relation to Type 2 Diabetes, PC nurses monitor and assess the patient as well as record any important changes (3). This also involves coordinating and carrying out nursing care to improve the patient’s health (3). In contrast with GPs who mainly focus on diagnosing and treating the patient, a PC nurses’ role involvesShow MoreRelatedDiab etes Is Becoming An Increasingly Prevalent Disease1615 Words   |  7 PagesJust about every five minutes two people die of diabetes related causes and 16 people are newly diagnosed with the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Diabetes is becoming an increasingly prevalent disease, especially type 2, due to the fact that the United States population is at high risk for obesity. Type 2 diabetes is when the pancreas suffers a decline in beta cell efficiency therefore disallowing insulin to be produced at the level necessary for its metabolicRead MoreThe Prevalence And Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesA. Statement of the Problem The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide, particularly in devel-oping countries, in conjunction with increased obesity rates and westernization of lifestyle (In-zucchi et al., 2012). The economic burden for health care systems is skyrocketing, owing to the costs associated with treatment and diabetes complications. Type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disorders, blindness, end-stage renal failure, amputations, and hospitali-zationsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesConsistent with the survey, at least 2 in 3 adults are overweight or obese and more than 1 in 3 adults are obese. 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The reason why people have diabetes because people’s insulin production is not enough, or because their body s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or in some cases, both could be the case. Patients with high blood sugar will most likely experience polyuria (frequent urination), they willRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And The Long Term Complications1385 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral idea of diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, role factors and complications that arise from it, comparing and exhibiting the distinctions between type I type II diabetes, the people who are in jeopardy of developing diabetic renal diseases and hypertension due to the complications identifying the general pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus the long term complications that may transpire. 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A person’s socioeconomic status includes variables that i mpact their susceptibility to contracting certain diseases, some of those variables including their income, occupation, and education. For example, someone who lives in a low income area may not have enough money to supply their everyday needs. That individual may only have enough money to eat what theyRead MoreDiabetes : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases896 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes is describes as a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood glucose level will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). More than 25% of the U.S. population aged65 years has diabetes mellitus. Although the burden of

Leagalizing Marijuana Free Essays

Many millions of people like to use marijuana, whether for therapeutic benefit or pleasure and every objective study on marijuana has concluded that it is far safer than alcohol and cigarettes for the consumer and the surrounding community. Alcohol and tobacco are more toxic, more addictive, and more harmful to the body than marijuana, and alcohol is more likely to result in injuries and lead to interpersonal violence. According to an assessment published in the British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Journal, health-related costs for alcohol consumers are eight times greater than those for marijuana consumers, and those for tobacco consumers are 40 times greater than those for marijuana consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Leagalizing Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other benefits of legalising marijuana are: – Lower prices, thus crimes such as theft would be reduced – Street justice relating to drugs would be reduced Police and courts would be freed up for more serious crimes – illegal drug dealers would lose all or most of their business – the fact that is illegal makes it more of a ‘must have’ for young people trying to be ‘cool’. Illegal cannabis is a stepping stone leading to other more hard-core drugs such as ecstasy, heroin, and cocaine. Making it legal may change that the fact it would be much easier to obtain and people would not have to associate with drug dealers, thus not be around other drugs and not being tempted by offers for other drugs. Legalizing it would also stop illegal transportation from countries to countries which would cut down the airport arrests. Health risks are also very low, Dr. Paul Homby (who is one of the leading authorities on cannabis research) said that you would have to smoke 15,000 joints in 20 minutes for you to receive a toxic amount of delta 9 terrahdrocannibinol which is a chemical found in pot, this clearly is impossible. Some notable medical conditions that weed has been proven to help are; Epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, arthritis, depression, anxiety, hepatitis C and morning sickness. There is variety of reasons for this which include; – weed calms people down, – helps improve the effectiveness of legal drugs used for the condition – helps chronic pain – reduces and relives the intraocular pressure that causes optic nerve damage It is the contention of this essay that legalizing marijuana would not impact society in a negative way but actually in a more positive one. This is shown by data and research from doctoral studies and the British Columbia Mental Health institute which is also supported by my invalid opinion. How to cite Leagalizing Marijuana, Papers

E Business Application Fashion Retailer Company

Question: Discuss about theE Business Applicationfor Fashion Retailer Company. Answer: Introduction The Iconic, an online sportswear and fashion retailer company of Australia offers fashionable and trendy clothes, accessories and shoes to the customers of Australia. The headquarter of the Iconic is based on Sydney and was launched under Rocket Internet, which is an e-commerce incubator in 2011. With the effective ebusiness strategies, The Iconic has become the largest fashion retailer company on online in Australia (Theiconic.com.au. 2016). The Iconic possesses a vast stock of more than 50,000 fashion products and 800 brands of both local and international. Although the Iconic enjoys its best position in the fashion retail industry of Australia, still it maintains a perfect start-up like culture and feels in order to motivate its employees in constant manner. Use of Ecommerce Site Galliers Leidner (2014) have mentioned that every start-up planners should take various important things before launching online store and the major part includes to selects the appropriate platform for using the actual facilities of the e-commerce site. Similarly The Iconic has taken help of the business experts and software developers in order to choose the suitable e-commerce site for selling their fashion and sports products in various cities of Australia. According to Cavusgil et al., (2014), the agencies of engine marketing usually suggest the appropriate e-commerce site. However, there are two types of e-commerce platforms including self-hosted and hosted. Hosted e-commerce platforms generally host the store of the clients, whereas, self-hosted also provides the relevant and effective software in order to make the e-commerce site perfect. The management of The Iconic has selected appropriate e-commerce site for their business operation as the website suggests the first interf ace in between the seller and the consumer. The website of The Ionic is full of adequate and relevant information of the offered products by the company and the consumers can perceive a true and ideal picture of the company. Wu et al., (2012) have suggested that a well-designed website has the best potential to communicate with the targeted and segmented customers of online retailers. There are also resources, which are appropriate to determine the suitable e-commerce platform for the online company. Since five years the concept of e-commerce has been increasing in constant manner across the world in order to attract the new generation, who prefer online shopping experience instead of traditional mode of shopping, such as visiting the outlets in various locations. Present E Business Applications The Iconic performs its roles and responsibilities in the Australian fashion retail industry in proper manner. With its present e-business application such as the mobile and web application, The Iconic enjoys the best position in the fashion retail industry of Australia. According to Kacen et al., (2013), e-business applications suggest the information and communication technologies (ICT), which helps an online company to maintain its activities in the market. With the existing e-business application, The Iconic attract the new generation consumers of Australia with employing e-advertising and e-marketing. The e-business application also develops the service efficiency of an online company with the potential incorporation of e-support functions and e-services. The existing e-business application of The Iconic also enhances the scope and possibilities of the reaching the international fashion and sports apparel and accessories. The e-business application of The Iconic increases the ba sic sales revenue, minimizes the marketing cost of the company and communicates with the consumers of Australia in accessible manner. According to Cheung Lee (2012), most of the companies in todays competitive business world prefer e-business just because it saves time of both the consumers and the seller, there is perfect flexibility of the timings for online payment, internet banking is safe and secured with constant software development and it ensures a safe transaction. The Iconic provides an easy delivery process at the doorstep of the consumers in various locations of Australia and New Zealand. E-Commerce Marketing Strategies As opined by Shiau Luo (2012), the challenging part of e-business involves its process of marketing. However, The Iconic employs a perfect marketing strategy with using the social media platform, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snap chat, official online website and blog. Even The Iconic provides advertisements with making attractive YouTube videos in order attract the new generation of Australia and New Zealand. Ha Stoel (2012) have mentioned that effective and relevant marketing strategies play a significant role in the case of online business. As there is no scope or facilities for the consumers to interact facto face with the sellers, therefore, the online advertisements should include adequate information in order to solve any kind of query of consumers. The Iconic strikes a perfect balance in between the existing marketing strategies. The Iconic also employs email marketing, content marketing and PPC advertising. All these strategies have enough capabilities to create a perfect foundation for the online business of an organization (Fang et al., 2014). As personalization strategy is perfect for the online marketing, therefore, The Iconic spends lump sum money on this particular marketing strategy. The personalization strategy of The Iconic involves every details of the offered products and how they are made in a video mode, this strategy actually reveals the inner business operation of the company. E-Commerce Supply Chain Strategy According to Slack (2015), the major challenges of e-business involves inventory and there is no appropriate established strategies in the supply chain management. The supply chain strategy of The Iconic suggests the reselling process of the manufacturers, the control over the entire process of shipping and packaging, handling the price of products and the dealing volume of products to the consumers. The Iconic provides faster delivery strategy with several distribution points and it also enhances the delivery times. Utz et al., (2012) have stated that being closer to the targeted consumers can actually lead to the freight savings of outbound procedure. The Iconic operates its business operations and functions within a competitive labor market. The liquidation opportunities strategy of The Iconic helps to increase the existing customer base. The measure of market penetration strategy of The Iconic helps this company to work according to the contemporary trend in Australia and New Zea land for attracting new customers and retaining the existing consumers. Roberts Zahay (2012) have reflected the fact that multichannel retailers should capitalize the basic synergy of several channels in order to meet the exact expectation of the consumers. All the e-commerce supply chain strategies of The Iconic help to avoid the losses and delays in the entire process of shopping to delivering the products to the consumers. As opposed by Wu et al., (2012), there are no establishes supply chain strategies, which companies follow in strict manner for further development of the entire business operation of the company. E-Commerce Security Strategies According to Slack (2015), the scope and possibilities of e-commerce proceeds at constant growth in a furious pace. However, many consumers believes that online business is well- deigned for openness and at all concerned with the security of the money of customers. The Iconic employs security technologies in their online shopping website in order secure the PIN and password of every customer. The application security of The Iconic minimizes the potential risks while dealing with the online transaction. The Iconic incorporates secure connection in order to make online checkout with the effective use of Secure Sockets Locker (SSL), which requires authentication in order to protect the data for website. The card verification strategy of The Iconic helps to make secured online transaction without exploiting the card verification value (CVV). IT Architecture Information technology (IT) has made easy the entire business operation of e-business. IT architecture of The Iconic helps the company to reduce the budget for easy success in short period. Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP), the back office and finance department of The Iconic have been improved with the effective use of Information technology (Theiconic.com.au. 2016). Even the IT architecture helps to maintain and enhance the customer relationship management (CRM) in proper manner. The Iconic has employed IT architecture for better customer system and improve the e-business portal platforms with automation system in appropriate manner. The ultimate role of IT architects involves the suitable decision making for CRM. Recommendations Although The Iconic enjoys the leading position in the fashion retail industry of Australia and New Zealand, still, it requires few effective recommendations for improving its e-business with using internet technologies. The Iconic should reorganize its IT architecture in order to make differences in between the long term and short term goals and contemplate outsourcing. The iconic should offer the option of customization with employing modern IT technology. The management should ensure that the structure of the online shopping website in easy and accessible manner. The Iconic should create a communicative and open environment with employing modern technologies in their online website. All these above-mentioned recommendations will help The Iconic to retain its present leading position in Australian fashion retail industry in appropriate manner. Even the existing market share will be increasing in gradual manner if the management of The Iconic follows these effective recommendations thoroughly. References Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K. (2012). What drives consumers to spread electronic word of mouth in online consumer-opinion platforms.Decision support systems,53(1), 218-225. Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E., Lim, K. H. (2014). Trust, Satisfaction, and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms.Mis Quarterly,38(2), 407-427. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Ha, S., Stoel, L. (2012). Online apparel retailing: roles of e-shopping quality and experiential e-shopping motives.Journal of Service Management,23(2), 197-215. Kacen, J. J., Hess, J. D., Chiang, W. Y. K. (2013). Bricks or clicks? Consumer attitudes toward traditional stores and online stores.Global Economics and Management Review,18(1), 12-21. Roberts, M. L., Zahay, D. (2012).Internet marketing: Integrating online and offline strategies. Cengage Learning. Shiau, W. L., Luo, M. M. (2012). Factors affecting online group buying intention and satisfaction: A social exchange theory perspective.Computers in Human Behavior,28(6), 2431-2444. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Theiconic.com.au. (2016) Clothes Online | Shoes Online | THE Iconic. Retrieved 24 September 2016, from https://www.theiconic.com.au/ Utz, S., Kerkhof, P., van den Bos, J. (2012). Consumers rule: How consumer reviews influence perceived trustworthiness of online stores.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,11(1), 49-58. Wu, K. W., Huang, S. Y., Yen, D. C., Popova, I. (2012). The effect of online privacy policy on consumer privacy concern and trust.Computers in human behavior,28(3), 889-897.

Discriminating Culture Within an Organization

Civil War Reconstruction essays

Civil War Reconstruction essays It was 1865, the Civil War had ended and President Abraham Lincoln has been assassinated. Lincoln had been the moderator between the extreme beliefs of the Republican majority in Congress and the liberal ideas of the Democrats or Confederate sympathizers. None the less Reconstruction needed to begin as soon as possible. The South needed to be rebuilt, economically as well as geographically; the Union would have to readmit all former Confederate states in order for the reconstruction to begin. Lincolns point of view had been that the South deserved to be readmitted. Others, such as Congress, felt like the South should pay for their rebellious behavior. They felt this way because they were afraid that the South would rebel again. There were many different ideas on how the Reconstruction for the South was to be dealt with, but the most important were Lincolns Plan, Johnson Plans of Reconstruction, and the Radical Republican Reconstruction. Lincolns Plan consisted of two major points: the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which included the Ten Percent Plan and the acceptance of the Thirteenth Amendment. The Proclamation of Amnesty stated that before returning to the Union, the Confederates would take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States of America and the Union of the states there under. Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was to readmit Southern States on liberal terms, and offered a 10% plan. This plan allowed southern states to reenter the union and develop a state government as soon as 10% of the state's population signed a loyalty pledge however Congress wished to be more severe. Lincoln might have been able to carry his plan through but he was killed shortly after the beginning of his second term in office. Andrew Johnson, the successor to Lincoln, initially showed views on Reconstruction similar to those that Lincoln had ...

Philosophical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Philosophical Theories - Essay Example Specifically, it has been argued that Machiavelli's positions have contrasted greatly with the views of Aristotle and Plato, particularly their views on the government and the State. However, this paper would like to forward the central thesis that if one analyzes carefully their works, it would prove that the theories of Machiavelli have actually benefited much from the theories of Aristotle and Plato and one can see some areas of intersection. We study the ancient theories, then, but with some doubt as to what they are theories of. We tend in fact to talk of ancient ethics, not ancient morality, and we do the same for modern theories containing elements that are prominent in the ancient ones: thus, we talk of virtue ethics, not virtue morality. There is a fairly widespread attitude that ancient theories of virtue and the good life are concerned not with what we take to be morality, but with something different, an alternative which can be labeled ethics. Platonic philosophy is hinged on moral virtue as practiced by just rulers. According to him, man served the State and hence, ethics and politics were the same. This is to be contradistinguished with Machiavellian principles, which states that the State should serve the people. That is its whole reason for being. Under Machiavelli's consent, a ruler is justified in doing whatever needs to be done to maintain the country, even if his actions may be deemed unjust. This is the source of the famous quote: "The end justifies the means." This is a complete opposite of the Platonic model which argues that a ruler may never be unjust. It is immoral and unethical, maintains Plato, for a ruler to rule solely by might. A background on Plato's methodology and work is provided by Bruell (1994): Plato's political philosophy is accessible to us primarily through the three great works whose very titles point to their political themes: the Republic, the Laws, the Statesman. The Republic and the Laws, which happen to be his longest works by far, are devoted chiefly to developing very thoroughgoing themes of political reform; the Statesman is devoted to the search for rare qualities or qualifications that would make a man worthy of that name. Plato's political philosophy first come to sight both as critical and reformist: it establishes immediately its distance from actual politics and looks to the true politics, which Plato's own educational efforts are presumably intended to help bring about. It can thus have an apparently contrary effect, however. Even as it raises readers' political hopes, it may lower their willingness to participate in the only politics available to them, for the small good that might be done there seems smaller still when it is compared with the good they have been led to expect from the schemes of radical reform that they have become acquainted with in Plato. Plato's theories have found traces in the writings of the more modern

Economic Analysis of the Susan G. Komen Foundation - Philadelphia Research Paper

Economic Analysis of the Susan G. Komen Foundation - Philadelphia - Research Paper Example In this case, public health initiatives to educate the public about the problem of breast cancer have been credited with early detection of cancer, and an increase in the survival rate in many areas. Susan G. Komen Philadelphia is one such public health initiative that brings survivors and activists together in the cause of raising awareness of breast cancer in the community. They are ‘dedicated to fulfilling the promise to save lives and to end breast cancer forever by empowering people, ensuring quality care for all, and energizing science to find the cures’ (Susan G. Komen Philadelphia, para 1). In order to meet these life-changing objectives, the organization must be financially sound and ensure that financial resources are being used in only positive and productive ways. The aim of this paper is to quickly analyze this particular health initiative and determine the extent to which the community is investing in it is proving to benefit all residents of Philadelphia. Analysis Cancer research requires a great amount of both human and financial capital. Organizations that support a public health initiative depend on fiscally sound behaviour in order to continue their operations. The Susan G. Komen organization is certainly no exception. They have proved that they are a responsible entity that is concerned about the work they have chosen to undertake. This was demonstrated recently with their choice of CEO to lead the organization through to the next level. Their new CEO, Judith A. Salerno, M.S., M.S., is nationally known for her work in the areas of health policy and research. She has been chosen to lead the national organization of Susan G. Komen, of which the Philadelphia chapter is a member. Susan G. Komen is the largest breast cancer organization in the world, with over 120 affiliates globally. Community chapters are responsible for serving the needs of breast cancer research through community health and education programs (komenphiladelphia.o rg, para 2). Funding for breast cancer research has turned into a grassroots effort. Much of the financial capital needed to continue operations comes via various charity events. The Pink Ribbon Campaign, for example, is nationally recognized as a way to raise money and awareness of the need for breast cancer research. Susan G. Komen is the architect of this, and numerous other events like it. The aim is not only to raise money but to educate as well. As such, the economic need for this particular health initiative is demonstrated. The financial and emotional cost of breast cancer is enormous. If it were not for Susan G. Komen Philadelphia, an already serious issue would be further exacerbated. The number of breast cancer patients alone were this initiative not in force, would likely be increasing. Research would be stagnated with little hope in sight. Cancer is a health concern that affects not just the individual, but also all of society. Most people personally know someone who ha s been touched by this illness. Economically, we cannot afford to sit on the sidelines. Individuals might not be able to avoid getting breast cancer, but this health initiative serves to educate women about the warning signs and the importance of getting diagnosed early. This alone makes Susan G. Komen Philadelphia an important part of Philadelphia society, and certainly an organization that is worthy of further funding and consideration. Public health  initiatives are designed to educate an uninformed populace.  Ã‚  

Crime in Human nature

Crime in Human nature Introduction I believe that some humans are born inherently good and are all born with a clean slate. I believe that some people commit crimes because of biological, psychological and sociological reasons. I also believe that environment causes people to change and become evil over time. This change can be from good to bad and can be temporary or permanent. In essence, you might have committed a violent crime in the past and now have become a born again Christian. There is also the population that never commits a serious offense but will continue to break minor laws. And last but not least are those who are good and continue to be good throughout life with little or no deviation. These are all reasons of why I believe humans are born inherently good. As I stated, events throughout ones life can cause them to change and go bad. For example, if your father abused you when you were a child and that transposed in to you abusing your child. Then there is a high probability that your child we grow up to abuse his children. In regards to the example, some theorists would argue that this family has criminal genes and that this type of abuse is hereditary. Not all child abuse victims grow up to abuse. In rehabilitation, a child could be removed from an abusive situation and overtime heal not go on to repeat abusive acts. So, I do believe in rehabilitation. In this research paper I will be discussing some of the many theories of crime to support my opinion of why I believe people are inherently good, not evil. The first school I will use to support my opinion of why people are inherently good is the positivist school. The positivist school began in the late nineteenth century and ignited a scientific revolution in criminology. It was founded by Cesare Lombroso and his students Enrico Ferri and Raffaele Garofalo. These were known as the founders of positivist criminology. They focused more on the actual criminals and not the crimes themselves Summary Classical criminologists focus on the crimes themselves and not the actual individuals who commit crimes. Positivist criminologists stress the causes of criminal behavior, such as causation and multiple factor causation. Just like I suggest, positivists agree that ones individual behavior is more or less determined by factors with the individual or in his or her external environment (Curran Renzetti, p. 16). The positivist school uses the scientific method in order to find the reasons and causes of criminality. Through history, human behavior has been measured and recorded and used to make important theories of why crimes are committed. Classical criminologists believe that crime is committed by offenders and that decision to commit crimes is not a result of rational decision and that it is out of their control. If that were to be true, then what good would punishment do? If crimes are committed because people are inherently evil, then punishment would be ineffective. Positivists and I believe that offenders should be committed to treatment in order to have a chance at being rehabilitated and that people are inherently good. With the strategy of rehabilitation, criminologists can measure multiple offenders progress from intake to release. This provides positivist criminologists a starting and ending point for measurement comparing offenders and rehabilitation. Criminologists can also conduct ongoing evaluations over one individuals life and recommend certain treatments to continue the rehabilitation process after initial release. For some, the rehabilitation process can take a lifetime, for others it could be quicker, depending on ones condition. Unlike the Classical School, the Positivist School believes that strict standard sentences are detrimental to the rehabilitation process. Positivist School believes in indeterminate sentencing for offenders. This type of sentencing allows for more flexible correctional strategies to aid in offenders rehabilitation into society. This would allow for each offender to be sentenced to just the right amount of time in a correctional facility that would aid in his or her rehabilitation. Thus, determinate and or mandatory sentencing policies are not part of the Positivist School and are of the Classical School. Opposed to the classical school, the criminal justice system has a duty to treat offenders of all types of crimes and to rehabilitate them back in to society Conclusion Next, the Chicago school will be discussed to support my opinion of why external factors cause humans to commit crimes. The Chicago school looks at crime and individuals from the sociological perspective of external factors. Unlike theorists that see internal factors such as biological, physiological and psychological as reasons to support theories of why people commit crime. Those internal factors mentioned would belong to the classical school of criminality and theories of crime not in favor of my opinion of why people are inherently good. The Chicago school was founded in 1892 at the University of Chicago. Many members of the facilities had similar upbringings and beliefs. They were children of skilled parents, born in small rural towns and lived on acres of land. Well in the 1900s a surge of immigrants, mainly from African American and European descent came to live and work in Chicago and other industrialized cities like it. Many of them had no money at all, and their cultural and religious beliefs were different than that of contemporary America at the time. In response to the increase of population, especially from immigration, the Chicago sociologists decided to bring on a social transformation. Social deviance was studied to see whether inner cities have higher rates of crime than that of urban areas further away from the center of the city. Robert Park from the Chicago School found that the further one moved away from the center of the city, the less chance of being involved in a crime. So for individuals living in the center of the city, social disorganization would occur. This is a result from their study in Chicago in 1928. Inner cities were mixed with different groups of people that had different beliefs and values, there were no social norms and it was a socially disorganized area. All of the social external factors such as values and norms created a break down since no two groups could agree on a common social goal. These external factors brought a breakdown in the inner-city and several forms of social deviance occurred, the end result was crime. Like Shaw and McKay, I believe that the best way to control crime is to prevent juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is a major course of concern because many juvenile delinquents become career criminals. A study by Shaw and McKay showed that external factors in inner-city life caused higher juvenile delinquency rates. They actually concluded that race or ethnicity were causes of crime. Shaw and McKay also found that it was the neighborhoods themselves that caused one person to become a delinquent and the other not to be. Those neighborhoods in the city were in poor condition, with sub standard living arrangements. Based on my opinion from the above studies, I would suggest some changes for the criminal justice system. For example, police departments could focus more of their efforts on community policing and some of their efforts on hard nose policing. I believe that a mixture of both policing strategies has to be used in order to reduce all types of crimes. For example, hard nose policing should be introduced into the neighborhoods that consistently have high crime rates. Like in the study by Park in Chicago, neighborhoods with little to no crime would probably not need such a hard nose policing strategy and be better suited for community policing and mild patrols. But the inner city or Zone 1 as in their study would need a harder nose policing strategy. Community policing would not work well in the inner-city or Zone 1 because many of the individuals did not communicate or reside in that loop. The court systems use a combination of indeterminate, determinate and mandatory sentencing policies depending on what State and crime you are talking about. They use different sentencing policies to ensure the safety and welfare of the public and to keep repeat and violent offenders behind bars. We cant just have a bunch of convicted violent offenders with ankle bracelets all over the streets, one could say. Lesser offense non violent crimes are better applied to indeterminate sentencing. Indeterminate sentencing believes in rehabilitation and treating offenders to ensure that they will not repeat or commit a new crime. Some states have a combination of indeterminate programs and indeterminate sentencing systems in their courts. For example, when the judge says 5 to 10 years, he is giving a range, this is indeterminate sentence. If the judge were to say ten years, then that would be determinate or mandatory based on the crime. If it were California, then it would be a mandatory third strike and youre out policy. In Utah indeterminate sentencing is used, allowing inmates a chance to be released early from prison. Inmates might have a sentence reduction if they show good behavior. In the above example which takes place in Utah, an offender can get out in five years instead of the full ten, if he or she completes all necessary programs, shows good behavior and has been rehabilitated. Different statutes have different sentencing ranges for crimes committed. When it comes time to get released, the Board of Pardons and Parole will decide on when you will actually leave prison. Indeterminate sentencing gives hope to offenders and a chance for them to take responsibility for their actions and lives. This is because their release dates from prison are on how well they behave in prison and what positive changes they have made in life. This type of sentencing gives a different board a chance to see the validity between the actual crime and the person themselves. Indeterminate sentencing is one method that the criminal justice system uses to help in controlling and preventing crime. In regards to the death penalty, I think that we should continue to use it. Certain criminals should not be allowed to be rehabilitated. Rehabilitation is a privilege and should only be given to those who have committed murder or some other type of heinous crime. If people are inherently good, can the death penalty be legitimately used?

Discuss the Aphorism “Small Firm Growth Being the Only Measure of an Entrepreneur’s Success”.

INTRODUCTION Business growth is a good goal for most firms in general and is given great weight by the society. This could be seen with the list conjured up by the media, such as ‘Forbes Fast-Growing Companies’ and ‘Inc Fastest Growing Companies’ lists (Hupato 2011). The reason small firm growth has been prioritised by policy makers and the society is mainly due to its contribution to the economy (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009). Small firm and entrepreneurship have so often been linked together, and it has become common to acknowledge that all small firms are established by entrepreneurs.Hence, the terms such as growth, success and performance are often linked in the research of entrepreneurial success (Reijonen & Komppula 2007). However, if entrepreneurship is defined as creation of new economic activity, the aspect of firm growth is already defined the moment the entrepreneur introduced new products or services (Davidsson, Achtenhagen & Naldi 2010). In other words, growth is not an aspect of entrepreneurship if growth is measured solely on volume expansion of existing products or through acquisitions of existing business.Schumpeter has also mentioned that one can be entrepreneurial without being self-employed and vice versa (Utsch, Rauch, Rothfufs & Frese 1999). Entrepreneurship remains an enigma till date and the assumption that all small firms are creations of an entrepreneur is arguable. Davidsson, Achtenhagen & Naldi (2010) has described, even a superficial reading on the complexity of small firm growth literature could easily leave the reader confused. Thus, the aphorism of small firm growth being the only measure of an entrepreneur’s success should be looked upon from different perspectives.The dimensions of small firm growth and also the perspectives of entrepreneurial success will be analysed to see the degree of its correlation and to judge how true the mentioned aphorism is. What is small firm growth? Generall y, growth of a business occurs in phases in a small business life cycle. A business venture would normally encounter three-stage development process, namely the ‘seed’ stage, the ‘start-up’ stage and the ‘expansion’ stage (Mukherjee 1992).The ‘seed’ stage brings a well-conceived idea into existence, while the ‘start-up’ stage included employment and accumulating business capital, and the ‘expansion’ stage involves manufacturing or service capacity increment (Mukherjee 1992). On the other hand, Bridge, O’Neill & Martin (2009) has suggested five stages of small firm growth, namely ‘existence’, ‘survival’, ‘success’, ‘take-off’ and ‘maturity’. Helms & Renfrow (1994) has supported the concept of the five stages of various developmental growth stages when they conducted a research in United States.Bridge, O’Neill & Martin (2009) defi ned the five stages as the following: the ‘existence’ stage is similar to the ‘seed’ stage explained previously, while the ‘survival’ stage involves customer familiarisation with the firm’s product or service. The ‘success’ stage is when there are options for further growth, thus the ‘take-off’ stage where the owner opted to grow the business larger. The business will reach the ‘maturity’ stage when it displays the characteristics of a large company.However, the mentioned researchers have concluded that it is difficult to clearly define the business development stages clearly during throughout the business cycle (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009). Despite the challenging task to categorise growth, researchers would still generally use the small business growth as indicator of success since it is common parlance to suggest that success requires growth, to stand still is to die (Geneste & Weber 20 11). There are enormous literatures on theories of growth and are most commonly associated with generation of jobs.In the early years, entrepreneurship has been the main focus due to its significant employment opportunities that was created. This reason remained strong today thus gaining the attention from policy-makers in each country. In fact, the number of employees a firm has become an important factor for classifying a small firm (Helms & Renfrow 1994). Research shows that young high-growth firms (also commonly known as ‘gazelles’) generate a large share of all new net jobs (Roper 2012).Robbins, Pantuosco, Parker & Fuller (2000) has also confirmed in their research that a state with large quantity of small business has lower rates of unemployment compared to other states that has little quantity of small businesses. The reason employment rates are valuable in measuring growth is because each firm will grow until they reach the optimal size that corresponds to minim um average cost (Hart 2000). Thus, each firm will continue to employ during its growth stage until it reaches the efficient scale or natural decay.However, other research has proved that it is difficult to measure small firm performance by employee growth. This is due to moderating variables such as outsourcing activities, productivity changes and replacement of employees with capital investments (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). When business grow in this the rapid changing modem world, many production and service functions has been contracted out (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009). In other words, a business can grow without having any increase in employment rate.Several academicians argued that sales precede other yardsticks for business growth, as pointed out that it is the increase in sales that necessitates the increase in the number of employees hired (Davidsson, Achtenhagen & Naldi 2010). Sales revenue performance is used as small firm’s growth because it mi rrors the consumer’s demand for the product or services provided by the firm (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). In this world of constant returns, the consumer’s demand for the product or services determines the limit on the firm’s growth.Sales figures easily reflect both short-term and long-term changes in the firm, hence measuring the growth and performance. However, there are two reasons that deviate sales as business growth yardstick. Firstly, the typical downward sloping demand curve is not applicable in practice. Just as a habitual entrepreneur starts more than one business, a firm can also have product differentiation (Hart 2000). Hence, it is difficult to determine the demand and cost curves in imperfect competition market condition.Secondly, sales are not an accountable measure during first few stages of the business cycle. During the seed and the start-up stage, employment and assets may grow more extensively before any significant sale has been d one (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). In this context, assets are in the form tangible ‘fixed’ assets and intangible assets such as of entrepreneur’s knowledge asset, the reputation of the firm (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009) and quantity of registered patents. Hence, business growth could not be measured by sales alone.Looking from another dimension, a firm’s profitability could be suggested as an important measure of growth for the simple reason that a firm is unable to sustain without profits. The difference between maximised sales and maximised profit is that the marginal revenue is zero when sales are maximised but the marginal revenue is positive when profits are maximised (Hart 2000). A firm’s growth on profitability can be considered in term of the net profit margins, return on assets (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005) or return on equity (Durguner & Katchova 2009).High profit margins, return on assets and return on equity p rovide more confidence for shareholders and potential investors to invest in the firm, enhancing business growth. However, growth rates are highly volatile over duration of time and research has shown that there is no evidence of a relationship between growth and profitability (Fitzsimmons, Steffens & Douglas 2005). In accordance, many articles have reached a conclusion that financial measures alone are not sufficient as business growth and performance measure for small firms (Reijonen & Komppula 2007).This is due to the fact that, just as entrepreneurship, small business sector is hardly homogeneous, and not all of these businesses are operating in the same direction. Some research has even shown that not all small firms are even capable or willing to grow (Papadanki & Chami 2002). What is entrepreneurial success? The capability and willingness to grow of small firms are directly influenced by the business owners’ intention to grow and their self-perception of success.In oth er words, the growth of small business is not a self-evident phenomenon, but it is actually driven by the business owner’s motivations and intentions (Morrison, Breen & Ali 2003). Most business decisions are made by owners, and their own personal judgement will impact on the business growth orientation (Geneste & Weber 2011). Consequently, it can be considered that the role of the entrepreneur should be emphasized as the dominant factor of growth (Reijonen & Komppula 2007). An entrepreneur’s motivation for business growth has to be complemented by his or her willingness to grow and assume risks.The risks involved are such as willingness to delegate control functions to others and the uncertainty to produce more output. The researchers found that due to the risks, small business owners are reluctant to grow and perceives profit-maximisation as only one of the motives for business growth (Papadanki & Chami 2002). This argument draws down to the psychological theories of motivation. The McClelland’s theory of needs defined ‘need for achievement’ as â€Å"the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed† (Robbins, Judge, Millet & Boyle 2011).Hence, characteristics of the business owners are linked to the business growth aspirations. In other words, each entrepreneur has their own perception of success depending on their own standard for ‘need for achievement’. To understand the business growth aspirations deeper, the owner’s clusters of traits and behaviours which affect the way they engage in their business activities are examined. The characteristic of the firm owner can be divided into three broad categories, namely ‘life-style’, ‘comfort-zone’ and ‘growth’ (Bridge, O’Neill & Martin 2009).The ‘life-style’ owners are defined to be those who establish the business to provide them a level of income and ha ve no intention for business growth. Geneste & Weber (2011) has identified owners that are not keen to expand their business due to deliberate ‘life-style’ choice, such as the small business atmosphere that engenders comradeship and job satisfaction. The ‘comfort-zone’ owners establish the business and focus on the benefits it can provide for the comfort he or she wants in life and the business growth will be stagnant once the desired comfort level has been achieved.The ‘growth’ owners are the almost ideal business person who maximises the earning potential and continue to grow the business further for the future. Clearly again, the intrinsic motivation of the owner should be examined further in order to understand what entrepreneurial success is. There are many studies that have been conducted to explore an entrepreneur’s intrinsic motivation for his or her business. One piece of research conducted was to compare the start-up motivation s and growth intentions between African-Americans (titled as ‘black’ by the researchers) and Americans (titled as ‘white’ by the researchers).Edelmen, Brush, Manolova & Greene (2010) has conducted a research to investigate new venture among black and white nascent entrepreneurs. In their research, they have discovered three important findings related to business growth. Firstly, nascent entrepreneurs do not associate business establishment outcomes with business growth intention. Secondly, entrepreneurs are motivated to start ventures to fulfil a need for self-realisation. Lastly, it is found that whites are more strongly motivated by the desire for financial success while blacks had higher levels of personal self-confidence.Hypothetically, the findings of this research suggested that blacks inherited the ‘life-style’ motivations while the whites are ‘comfort-zone’ motivated. This research has proved that expected financial outcome s are not as important as noneconomic concern in determining the entrepreneur’s attitude towards growth. The entrepreneurial success is not related to the growth of the firm but for intrinsic satisfaction instead; hence small firm growth should not be the only measure for the entrepreneur’s success.In another piece of research, (Utsch, Rauch, Rothfufs & Frese 1999) has investigated the rapid emergence of entrepreneurs and small firms in East Germany. During the research, the role of personality traits has been clarified and the researchers found an encouraging convergence result in two areas, namely the need for achievement and need for autonomy. In other words, entrepreneurs with high need for autonomy will be more motivated to begin small-scale business ventures and will develop the business further only if they have high need for achievement as well.In parallel to that, Lee & Tai (2010) has conducted a research to investigate the motivators and success of small busi ness in Kazakhstan. Empirical evidence has suggested the entrepreneurs are motivated to achieve financial independence and also to obtain social recognition. This is due to the fact that entrepreneurial endeavours are considered as honourable and also an upgrade on social-status activities. This theory is shows that entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan are more aligned towards the ‘comfort-zone’ characteristics.The mentioned researchers have also concluded that the success of some small firm growth is contributed by the creativity and commitment of all the entrepreneurs. From these two pieces of research, it is further confirmed that entrepreneurs have their own perceptions of success but each individual has different intrinsic motivation to achieve his or her goal, albeit from different geographic locations. Another aspect to consider on perception of entrepreneurial success should be the gender of the owner. Research shows that there are differences across entrepreneur’ s gender on perceptions of success.Male and females entrepreneurs differ in the way they measure their extrinsic and intrinsic dimensions. Previous study has verified that male entrepreneurs tend to emphasize on quantitative measures and economic values while female entrepreneurs emphasize on qualitative measures and social values (Justo, Cruz, de Castro & Coduras 2006). Hypothetically, male entrepreneurs describe success in term of achieving goals while female entrepreneurs define success in terms of doing something fulfilling. The research has also iscovered that the motivation for business success is moderated by the parental status of the entrepreneur. Female entrepreneurs are more motivated venturing into self-employment if they have dependent children under their care and perceived success when they are able to fulfil the need of independence. This hypothesis has been confirmed by Ahmad (2011) when he conducted a research on female entrepreneurs in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this piece of research, female entrepreneurship has proved to be influenced by the female entrepreneur wanting to spend more quality family time.For these female entrepreneurs, the perception of success was when the desire for autonomy, independence, self-fulfilment and wealth has been achieved. In short, the gender status of the entrepreneur significantly impact on the perceptions of entrepreneurial success where female entrepreneurs depict more on social values as success. Conclusion In conclusion, the dimensions of small firm growth and the perspectives of entrepreneurial success have been discussed to judge how true the aphorism of entrepreneurial success can only be judged by small firm growth.The different stages of business cycle have been identified and the growth of the business occurs in almost all the phases in the five stages of small firm growth in their own way. Growth is included in many aspects, such as growth of the idea, or the growing numbers of customers, or gene rating more returns from the business. Generally, the measurement of growth is mainly based on quantitative values such as employment rate, business sales and profitability among other yardsticks. However, research shows that small firm growth could not be measured on financial and economical terms only.The rate of employment becomes insignificant as the business can grow without hiring any new employees, while sales do not account for the first couple stages of the business cycle and there might be owners who deviate from the main product or service line. Research has also shown that there are no relationship between profitability and growth. Therefore, the entrepreneur’s perception of success should be moderated to measure small firm success. Three types of small firm owner’s characteristics has been identified, namely the ‘life-style’, ‘comfort-zone’ and ‘growth’.From the few pieces of research that has been examined, most of t he entrepreneurs are found to be ‘life-style’ and ‘comfort-zone’ and rarely the ideal ‘growth’ motivated characteristics. The gender of the entrepreneur will also affect the measuring manner of small firm growth success. Each attribute shows the willingness and capability of each owner to further grow their business. Hence, the entrepreneur’s intrinsic motivation plays a vital role in judging and predicting the small firm success.In this context, the intrinsic motivations are such as the need for achievement, autonomy and self-realisation are more important than business growth intentions. In a nutshell, it can be concluded that small firm growth can be a way to measure entrepreneurial success, but it should be based on the standard or level that the entrepreneur has placed emphasis on instead of strictly on monetary values only. REFERENCES Ahmad, SZ 2011, ‘Evidence of the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Sa udi Arabia’, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 123-143.Bridge, S, O’Neill, K & Martin, F 2009, Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business, 3rd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Davidsson, P, Achtenhagen, L & Naldi, L 2005, ‘Research on small firm growth: a review’, 35th EISB Conference, Barcelona. Durguner, S & Katchova, AL 2009, ‘Measure of small business financial performance from a lender and a borrower perspective’, The Business Review, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 24. Edelman, LF, Brush, CG, Manolova, TS & Greene, PG 2010, ‘Start-up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs’, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 174. Fitzsimmons, JR, Steffens, PR & Douglas, EJ 2005, ‘Growth and profitability in small and medium sized Australian firms’, AGSE Entrepreneurship Exchange, Melbourne. Geneste, L & Weber, P 2011, ‘Relatin g small business growth with success: some findings from the 2008 Western Australian small business benchmarks survey’, 8th AGSE International Entrepreneurship Research Exchange, Melbourne. Hart, PE 2000, ‘Theories of firms’ growth and the generation of jobs’, Review of Industrial Organization, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 229.Helms, MM & Renfrow TW 1994, ‘Expansionary process of the small business: a life cycle profile’, Management Decision, vol. 32, no. 9, p. 43. Hupalo, PI, TiE Islamabad, 2012, ‘Measuring success in small business and entrepreneurship’, TiE Islamabad, 12 October 2012,< https://islamabad. tie. org/article/24/measuring-success-small-business-and-entrepreneurship>. Justo, R, Cruz, C, de Castro, J & Coduras, A 2006, ‘Entrepreneurs’ perception of success: examining differences across gender and family status’, IE working paper, Instituto de Empresa Business School.Lee, JW & Tai SW 2010, ‘Motivators a nd inhibators of entrepreneurship and small business development in Kazakhstan’, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 6, no, p. 61. Morrison, A, Breen, J & Ali, S 2003, ‘Small business growth: intention, ability and opportunity’, Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 417. Mukherjee, TK 1992, ‘Financing the three stages of the small business cycle: a survey’, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 33.Papadanki, E & Chami, B, Industry Canada, 2012, ‘Growth determinants of micro-business in Canada’, Government of Canada Publications Ottawa, ON, viewed 12 October 2012, . Reijonen, H & Komppula R 2007, ‘Perception of success and its effect on small firm performance’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 689-701. Robbins, DK, Pantuosco, LJ, Parker, DF & Fuller, BK 2000, ‘An empirical assessment of contribut ion of small business employment to U.S. state economic performance’, Small Business Economics, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 293. Robbins, SP, Judge, TA, Millet, B & Boyle, M 2011, Organisational Behaviour, 6th end, Pearson Australia, French Forest, NSW. Roper, Stephen 2012, Entrepreneurship : a global perspective, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY. Utsch, A, Rauch, A, Rothfus,R & Frese, M 1999, ‘Who becomes a small scale entrepreneur in a post-socialist environment: on the differences between entrepreneurs and managers in East Germany’, Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 37, no. 3, p. 31.

Movie Crash Essay Essay

The film â€Å"Crash† written and directed by Paul Haggis was taken place in Los Angeles. This movie illustrates how discrimination and prejudice has affected our everyday lives, due to the misconceptions we have of each other. All the characters in this movie are either victims of prejudice and discrimination or are guilty of it. To help us give more understanding about this movie I am comparing the movie Crash to Joseph Healey textbook, Race, Ethnicity, Gender & Class. In this movie we see a wide range and depth of prejudice and discrimination and it is not only the whites who are prejudice or discriminate but also minorities who are prejudiced and discriminate against other minorities. For better understanding first we need to learn the meaning of prejudice and discrimination. According to Joseph Healey â€Å"Prejudice is tendency of individuals to think and feel in negative ways about members of other groups.† Discrimination on the other hand, is actual, overt, individual behavior† (Healey 96). Healey thinks these two concepts do not always occur together. Healey believes that there are four different combinations of prejudice and discrimination. The first one is Timid bigot, Healey asserts, â€Å"A person who is prejudiced but doesn’t discriminate is a timid bigot† (Healey 96), An example of this is shown in the beginning of the movie Crash, when Dorri and her father, Farhad, are in a gun shop and the owner of the gun shop makes references to Osama bin Laden and Jihad thinking Farhad was Arab. When Dorri tells the gun shop owner that â€Å"You can give me the gun or give me back the money and I am really hoping for the money† (Crash), the gun shop owner gives her the gun because he is in a gun shop business for the money. This scene from the movie Crash shows a perfect example of timid bigotry; the gun shop owner is prejudiced but doesn’t discriminate due to his nature of work, he is a business owner and his interest is to make money. The second combination of prejudice and discrimination Healey mentions in his book is â€Å"Fair-Weather Liberal.† Healey states that â€Å"a person who discriminates without being prejudiced is fair-weather liberal.†(Healey 96). It’s more  like Officer Hansen who gets upset with Officer Ryan’s treatment to Cameron and Christine; he watched this whole scene but couldn’t stop Officer Ryan who is superior of him. He files a complaint against Officer Ryan and obtains his own squad car. Officer Hansen didn’t say anything to Officer Ryan instead he went back to his department and took an action against Officer Ryan. The third combination of prejudice and discrimination Healey mentions in his book is â€Å"All Weather Bigot† is when a â€Å"person is prejudiced and does discriminate† (Healey 96). In this case we can relate this definition to Officer John Ryan, who is white and racist against all color of people. Right after learning that the person who is handling his ailing father’s insurance case is black; he decides to take his frustration out by pulling over Cameron and his wife, who were black. This is also an example of the Scapegoat Hypothesis mentioned in Healey’s book, which describes how â€Å"people sometimes deal with personal failure or disappointment by expressing their anger on a substitute target, not against the object or person that actually caused their frustration† (Healey 98). In this case, Cameron was driving and did not violate any law; still Officer Ryan treated him and his wife Christine as inferior, and went so far as to molest Christine right front of her husband. Officer Ryan showed prejudice and discrimination by misusing his powers; he held Cameron and Christine until they surrendered their dignity. On the other hand, I believe Officer Ryan is not a bad person, because he is fighting for his ailing father and later in the movie he also saves Christine when she gets into car explosion. These different scenes from the movie illustrate that Officer Ryan who is racially prejudiced is ironically both villain and hero. The last combination of prejudice and discrimination Healey mentions in his book is â€Å"All-Weather Liberal† â€Å"a person who is neither prejudiced nor discriminate† (Healey 96). The best example for all weather liberal in the movie Crash is Daniel the locksmith. In the whole movie I did not see Daniel being racially prejudiced against any character. He is very quiet and the peaceful person in the whole movie and due to nature of his work, he usually works late at night. However, to me it seemed like that he doesn’t really care about working late nights rather he wants to spend more time with his family. Moreover, Crash demonstrates some other examples of stereotyping that are  mentioned in Healey’s book. According to Healey’s book, â€Å"Stereotypes are exaggerated overgeneralization† (Healey 99). It means that people often have distorted perception of another person or a group. They are based on race, ethnicity, gender, age, physical appearance and many other factors. An example can also relate to Daniel the locksmith, who comes to change the door locks for Jean and Rick’s house. By looking at his appearance and tattoo Jean sees him as a gang banger. She thinks after he leaves from her house he is going to give a copy of her house keys to his gang members and they will come to rob her house. That’s why she asks her husband Rick to get the locks changed again in the morning. Jean stereotyped Daniel based on his appearance. To me Daniel is a good guy, but Jean didn’t think of him as a family man. By looking at his appearance she made her judgment and thought of him as a gang banger but nothing else. There are some other terms that are mentioned in Healey’s book that can be related to the scenes in the movie. Another term from Healey’s book that is closely related to the movie Crash is â€Å"Selective Perception,† which means that â€Å"people often see what they expect to see, so stereotypes are often confirmed in a vicious circle.† The example can relate to Officer Hansen; from the first scene he is in, we can tell that he is not prejudiced and it seemed to me that Officer Hansen doesn’t have lots of experience with people outside of his race. In the movie he helps Peter, who is walking on the road side, by offering him a lift. This was the first time Officer Hansen seen prejudiced in the whole movie. Peter began laughing without explanation and Officer Hansen asked him to leave the car. Peter wanted to show him what he had in his pocket that was so funny. While Peter was reaching in his pocket, Offer Hansen panicked and shot Peter, who was innocent. That was the first time Officer Hansen had shown prejudiced; even though he was shown as a good man in the movie, he end up killing an innocent man. I think Office Hansen shot peter because he was afraid that his own life might be in a risk. Officer Hansen thought Peter was reaching his pocket for some kind of weapon and in seconds he made his decision and fire at Peter. The movie Crash shows many aspects of prejudice and discrimination. Crash explores many social encounters that are defined by different characters of  the movie. I think Crash represents the race relations in America and shows that how misconceptions and lack of communication makes our life situations very unstable. On the other hand, Healey’s Book Race, Ethnicity, Gender & Class have helped us with more understanding of prejudice and discrimination by giving us different combinations of racism and prejudice and by providing all important definitions. He even mentions that education have helped us with better understating of each other. But in my opinion we will never have that fully understanding of each other because somewhere on the line we forget who we are and the different people we are dealing with. Most time we think we don’t prejudiced or discriminate and sometimes we don’t even realize that we are prejudicing and discriminating against other people. I guess we are in modern racism.

A O Neville - 1279 Words

Does the movie present Mr. A. O. Neville as a liberator or as a jailer? The Australian movie â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence† presents a sensational story about three half-caste young girls who escape from the settlement Moore River where in which they were abducted and taken to. The movie reveals the racism that took place between white Australians and Australia’s Aboriginal people. The movie clearly portrays Mr. A O Neville as a racial activist. Mr. A O Neville did what we thought was right. He did what the law said and carried it out the best he could. It can be said that Neville tried his best to improve the conditions in which the people lived, but there is clear evidence that he never tried to improve anything. Neville always put himself, the†¦show more content†¦They could not protect their children from the government or the police. Mothers constantly worried that soon the day would come that they would not see their children again. The movie undoubtedly depicts Neville as a bad person, or a jailer. The movie was unmistakably emo tional in that the young children were powerless. The children had no escape from their fate. Their fate is decided by Neville. The movie compels the viewer to be in the shoes of the three little girls. It feels even more realistic, because these traumatic events are based on a true story, not a fictional one. The viewer can feel the pain, anguish, and anger that not only the girls feel, but their families too. The viewer has empathy for all the families involved. Compassion builds up for all the horrible scenes that have took place. With all of this understanding, there is only one person the viewer can look to and blame. That person Is Mr. A O Neville, the Chief Protector of the Aborigines. Like â€Å"The Rabbit Proof Fence†, the Holocaust was very much blamed on Hitler, the man in charge, where Neville is the person in charge of this act of disgrace on people, and much of the blame was on him for the most part. There are a lot of ways that â€Å"The Rabbit Proof Fence† relates to the Holocaust. When anyone views movies about the Holocaust, it is made clear that Hitler is a very bad person. The same can be said for â€Å"The Rabbit Proof Fence† and Mr. A O Neville. We canShow MoreRelatedChapter 5 Of The Windows Internals Textbook1076 Words   |  5 PagesMark Russinovich, David Solomon and Alex Ionescu covers the Windows I/O system. This chapter goes over device drivers, I/O system components and features, and Plug and Play. 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